399 lines
16 KiB
HTML
399 lines
16 KiB
HTML
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npm command-line interface
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</div>
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<section id="content">
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<header class="title">
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<h1 id="----package-lockjson----1100">
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<span>package-lock.json</span>
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<span class="version">@11.0.0</span>
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</h1>
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<span class="description">A manifestation of the manifest</span>
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</header>
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<section id="table_of_contents">
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<h2 id="table-of-contents">Table of contents</h2>
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<div id="_table_of_contents"><ul><li><a href="#description">Description</a></li><li><a href="#package-lockjson-vs-npm-shrinkwrapjson"><code>package-lock.json</code> vs <code>npm-shrinkwrap.json</code></a></li><li><a href="#hidden-lockfiles">Hidden Lockfiles</a></li><li><a href="#handling-old-lockfiles">Handling Old Lockfiles</a></li><li><a href="#file-format">File Format</a></li><ul><li><a href="#name"><code>name</code></a></li><li><a href="#version"><code>version</code></a></li><li><a href="#lockfileversion"><code>lockfileVersion</code></a></li><li><a href="#packages"><code>packages</code></a></li><li><a href="#dependencies">dependencies</a></li></ul><li><a href="#see-also">See also</a></li></ul></div>
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</section>
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<div id="_content"><h3 id="description">Description</h3>
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<p><code>package-lock.json</code> is automatically generated for any operations where npm
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modifies either the <code>node_modules</code> tree, or <code>package.json</code>. It describes the
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exact tree that was generated, such that subsequent installs are able to
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generate identical trees, regardless of intermediate dependency updates.</p>
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<p>This file is intended to be committed into source repositories, and serves
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various purposes:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>Describe a single representation of a dependency tree such that
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teammates, deployments, and continuous integration are guaranteed to
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install exactly the same dependencies.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Provide a facility for users to "time-travel" to previous states of
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<code>node_modules</code> without having to commit the directory itself.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Facilitate greater visibility of tree changes through readable source
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control diffs.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Optimize the installation process by allowing npm to skip repeated
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metadata resolutions for previously-installed packages.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>As of npm v7, lockfiles include enough information to gain a complete
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picture of the package tree, reducing the need to read <code>package.json</code>
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files, and allowing for significant performance improvements.</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>When <code>npm</code> creates or updates <code>package-lock.json</code>, it will infer line endings and indentation from <code>package.json</code> so that the formatting of both files matches.</p>
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<h3 id="package-lockjson-vs-npm-shrinkwrapjson"><code>package-lock.json</code> vs <code>npm-shrinkwrap.json</code></h3>
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<p>Both of these files have the same format, and perform similar functions in
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the root of a project.</p>
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<p>The difference is that <code>package-lock.json</code> cannot be published, and it will
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be ignored if found in any place other than the root project.</p>
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<p>In contrast, <a href="../configuring-npm/npm-shrinkwrap-json.html">npm-shrinkwrap.json</a> allows
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publication, and defines the dependency tree from the point encountered.
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This is not recommended unless deploying a CLI tool or otherwise using the
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publication process for producing production packages.</p>
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<p>If both <code>package-lock.json</code> and <code>npm-shrinkwrap.json</code> are present in the
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root of a project, <code>npm-shrinkwrap.json</code> will take precedence and
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<code>package-lock.json</code> will be ignored.</p>
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<h3 id="hidden-lockfiles">Hidden Lockfiles</h3>
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<p>In order to avoid processing the <code>node_modules</code> folder repeatedly, npm as
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of v7 uses a "hidden" lockfile present in
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<code>node_modules/.package-lock.json</code>. This contains information about the
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tree, and is used in lieu of reading the entire <code>node_modules</code> hierarchy
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provided that the following conditions are met:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>All package folders it references exist in the <code>node_modules</code> hierarchy.</li>
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<li>No package folders exist in the <code>node_modules</code> hierarchy that are not
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listed in the lockfile.</li>
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<li>The modified time of the file is at least as recent as all of the package
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folders it references.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>That is, the hidden lockfile will only be relevant if it was created as
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part of the most recent update to the package tree. If another CLI mutates
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the tree in any way, this will be detected, and the hidden lockfile will be
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ignored.</p>
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<p>Note that it <em>is</em> possible to manually change the <em>contents</em> of a package
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in such a way that the modified time of the package folder is unaffected.
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For example, if you add a file to <code>node_modules/foo/lib/bar.js</code>, then the
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modified time on <code>node_modules/foo</code> will not reflect this change. If you
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are manually editing files in <code>node_modules</code>, it is generally best to
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delete the file at <code>node_modules/.package-lock.json</code>.</p>
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<p>As the hidden lockfile is ignored by older npm versions, it does not
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contain the backwards compatibility affordances present in "normal"
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lockfiles. That is, it is <code>lockfileVersion: 3</code>, rather than
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<code>lockfileVersion: 2</code>.</p>
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<h3 id="handling-old-lockfiles">Handling Old Lockfiles</h3>
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<p>When npm detects a lockfile from npm v6 or before during the package
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installation process, it is automatically updated to fetch missing
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information from either the <code>node_modules</code> tree or (in the case of empty
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<code>node_modules</code> trees or very old lockfile formats) the npm registry.</p>
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<h3 id="file-format">File Format</h3>
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<h4 id="name"><code>name</code></h4>
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<p>The name of the package this is a package-lock for. This will match what's
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in <code>package.json</code>.</p>
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<h4 id="version"><code>version</code></h4>
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<p>The version of the package this is a package-lock for. This will match
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what's in <code>package.json</code>.</p>
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<h4 id="lockfileversion"><code>lockfileVersion</code></h4>
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<p>An integer version, starting at <code>1</code> with the version number of this
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document whose semantics were used when generating this
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<code>package-lock.json</code>.</p>
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<p>Note that the file format changed significantly in npm v7 to track
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information that would have otherwise required looking in <code>node_modules</code> or
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the npm registry. Lockfiles generated by npm v7 will contain
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<code>lockfileVersion: 2</code>.</p>
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<ul>
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<li>No version provided: an "ancient" shrinkwrap file from a version of npm
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prior to npm v5.</li>
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<li><code>1</code>: The lockfile version used by npm v5 and v6.</li>
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<li><code>2</code>: The lockfile version used by npm v7 and v8. Backwards compatible to v1
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lockfiles.</li>
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<li><code>3</code>: The lockfile version used by npm v9 and above. Backwards compatible to npm v7.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>npm will always attempt to get whatever data it can out of a lockfile, even
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if it is not a version that it was designed to support.</p>
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<h4 id="packages"><code>packages</code></h4>
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<p>This is an object that maps package locations to an object containing the
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information about that package.</p>
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<p>The root project is typically listed with a key of <code>""</code>, and all other
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packages are listed with their relative paths from the root project folder.</p>
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<p>Package descriptors have the following fields:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>version: The version found in <code>package.json</code></p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>resolved: The place where the package was actually resolved from. In
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the case of packages fetched from the registry, this will be a url to a
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tarball. In the case of git dependencies, this will be the full git url
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with commit sha. In the case of link dependencies, this will be the
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location of the link target. <code>registry.npmjs.org</code> is a magic value meaning
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"the currently configured registry".</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>integrity: A <code>sha512</code> or <code>sha1</code> <a href="https://w3c.github.io/webappsec/specs/subresourceintegrity/">Standard Subresource
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Integrity</a>
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string for the artifact that was unpacked in this location.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>link: A flag to indicate that this is a symbolic link. If this is
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present, no other fields are specified, since the link target will also
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be included in the lockfile.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>dev, optional, devOptional: If the package is strictly part of the
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<code>devDependencies</code> tree, then <code>dev</code> will be true. If it is strictly part
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of the <code>optionalDependencies</code> tree, then <code>optional</code> will be set. If it
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is both a <code>dev</code> dependency <em>and</em> an <code>optional</code> dependency of a non-dev
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dependency, then <code>devOptional</code> will be set. (An <code>optional</code> dependency of
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a <code>dev</code> dependency will have both <code>dev</code> and <code>optional</code> set.)</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>inBundle: A flag to indicate that the package is a bundled dependency.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>hasInstallScript: A flag to indicate that the package has a <code>preinstall</code>,
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<code>install</code>, or <code>postinstall</code> script.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>hasShrinkwrap: A flag to indicate that the package has an
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<code>npm-shrinkwrap.json</code> file.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>bin, license, engines, dependencies, optionalDependencies: fields from
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<code>package.json</code></p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h4 id="dependencies">dependencies</h4>
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<p>Legacy data for supporting versions of npm that use <code>lockfileVersion: 1</code>.
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This is a mapping of package names to dependency objects. Because the
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object structure is strictly hierarchical, symbolic link dependencies are
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somewhat challenging to represent in some cases.</p>
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<p>npm v7 ignores this section entirely if a <code>packages</code> section is present,
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but does keep it up to date in order to support switching between npm v6
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and npm v7.</p>
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<p>Dependency objects have the following fields:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>version: a specifier that varies depending on the nature of the package,
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and is usable in fetching a new copy of it.</p>
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<ul>
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<li>bundled dependencies: Regardless of source, this is a version number
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that is purely for informational purposes.</li>
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<li>registry sources: This is a version number. (eg, <code>1.2.3</code>)</li>
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<li>git sources: This is a git specifier with resolved committish. (eg,
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<code>git+https://example.com/foo/bar#115311855adb0789a0466714ed48a1499ffea97e</code>)</li>
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<li>http tarball sources: This is the URL of the tarball. (eg,
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<code>https://example.com/example-1.3.0.tgz</code>)</li>
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<li>local tarball sources: This is the file URL of the tarball. (eg
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<code>file:///opt/storage/example-1.3.0.tgz</code>)</li>
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<li>local link sources: This is the file URL of the link. (eg
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<code>file:libs/our-module</code>)</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>integrity: A <code>sha512</code> or <code>sha1</code> <a href="https://w3c.github.io/webappsec/specs/subresourceintegrity/">Standard Subresource
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Integrity</a>
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string for the artifact that was unpacked in this location. For git
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dependencies, this is the commit sha.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>resolved: For registry sources this is path of the tarball relative to
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the registry URL. If the tarball URL isn't on the same server as the
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registry URL then this is a complete URL. <code>registry.npmjs.org</code> is a magic
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value meaning "the currently configured registry".</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>bundled: If true, this is the bundled dependency and will be installed
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by the parent module. When installing, this module will be extracted
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from the parent module during the extract phase, not installed as a
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separate dependency.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>dev: If true then this dependency is either a development dependency ONLY
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of the top level module or a transitive dependency of one. This is false
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for dependencies that are both a development dependency of the top level
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and a transitive dependency of a non-development dependency of the top
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level.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>optional: If true then this dependency is either an optional dependency
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ONLY of the top level module or a transitive dependency of one. This is
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false for dependencies that are both an optional dependency of the top
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level and a transitive dependency of a non-optional dependency of the top
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level.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>requires: This is a mapping of module name to version. This is a list of
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everything this module requires, regardless of where it will be
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installed. The version should match via normal matching rules a
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dependency either in our <code>dependencies</code> or in a level higher than us.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>dependencies: The dependencies of this dependency, exactly as at the top
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level.</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="see-also">See also</h3>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="../commands/npm-shrinkwrap.html">npm shrinkwrap</a></li>
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<li><a href="../configuring-npm/npm-shrinkwrap-json.html">npm-shrinkwrap.json</a></li>
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<li><a href="../configuring-npm/package-json.html">package.json</a></li>
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<li><a href="../commands/npm-install.html">npm install</a></li>
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</ul></div>
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<footer id="edit">
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<a href="https://github.com/npm/cli/edit/latest/docs/content/configuring-npm/package-lock-json.md">
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